VIDEO SEGMENT 14
"Surgeon General's warning: smoking causes emphysema".
This is Mr. Tadge Bredwell receiving oxygen by face mask (slide 18). "I do have emphysema which comes from smoking. I found it extremely hard to stop where it became almost impossible. How far I can walk without getting shortness of breath? About 15-20 feet. Now I have to be on oxygen all the time".

This is Mr. Richard Heath receiving oxygen by nasal prongs (slide 19). "It all started with smoking a cigarette when I was twelve years old. If I walk 10 or 15 feet I'm out of breath. If I walk from my chair in the living room to the toilet in my bedroom, it's maybe 20 to 25 feet, steps, 25 steps, and then I'm really exhausted. Talking makes me out of breath, too. Everything makes me out of breath. You don't last very long without lungs".

After years of smoking, both of these men developed progressive shortness of breath to the point that just walking a few steps or just speaking a few sentences got them severely short of breath. The lung function tests, breathing tests, of Mr. Heath and Mr. Bredwell looked like the markedly abnormal one seen on the right. A normal test in a non-smoker is shown on the left for comparison (slide 20). As you can see, airflow during breathing is markedly reduced in smokers with emphysema because the airflow is severely obstructed. The chest x-ray of Mr. Heath and Mr. Bredwell looked like the one on the right in which the lungs are greatly over expanded and about twice the size of the normal lungs shown on the left (slide 21).

Why are the lungs of these men so hyperinflated? Why is their breathing so obstructed and how did smoking cause this? 1) Harmful chemicals in inhaled tobacco smoke cause inflamma-