The University of Miami Medical School

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Chronic Bronchitis	prolonged inflammation of the bronchi characterized by attacks of coughing and expectoration of mucus (Chronic bronchitis is most commonly caused by smoking.) (see slides r and 23)
Coronary arteries	the arteries that supply blood to the heart
Coronary bypass surgery	surgery in which a section of vein (usually taken from the leg) is grafted between the aorta and a coronary artery, bypassing an obstructive site in the coronary artery. This permits blood to flow to the heart muscle, by-passing the obstructive site. (see slides s, 26)
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid, the primary material of genes located on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells which control the structure function and development of cells and of the whole organism. (Smoking causes mutations in the DNA of cells in the mouth, throat and lungs which transform them into cancer cells).
Electronic voice	(artificial larynx) an electromechanical device that enables a laryngectomized person to speak. When the device is placed against the neck or in the mouth, a buzzing sound is produced which is converted into speech by movements of the lips, tongue and throat.
Emphysema	a pulmonary condition characterized by overdistention and destruction of the air sacs in the lungs. This causes labored breathing. (Over 90% of emphysema cases come from smoking.) (see slide p)
Flow Volume Loop	a Pulmonary Function Test which measures breathing. The flow volume loop graphically illustrates airflow at different lung volumes during a maximum inspiration followed by a maximum expiration. If airways are obstructed during inspiration or expiration, it is shown as slower airflow rates. In emphysema and chronic bronchitis, airflow is primarily impaired during expiration (breathing out). (see slide q)
Gangrene	death of tissue in a bodily part (usually a limb) due to failure of blood supply (Smoking increases the risk for gangrene of the extremities. A gangrenous extremity usually requires amputation.) (see slide 27)
Heart attack	that occurring during the period when circulation to a region of the heart is obstructed and death of heart muscle is occurring (Smoking greatly increases the risk for a heart attack because it reduces the hearts blood and oxygen supply while forcing it to work harder and faster.) (see slide s)
Heart lung a machine	that permits the circulation of blood outside the body for car Machine bon dioxide-oxygen exchange. It is used during heart surgery.
Inflammation	a localized protective response of the body brought about by injury to body tissues. It involves leaking of blood fluids, proteins and white blood cells into the tissues which have been injured. (In chronic bronchitis and emphysema, the inflammation is secondary to injury of the bronchi and lungs from smoking.)

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